Split gearing, another method, consists of two gear halves positioned side-by-side. Half is set to a shaft while springs cause the other half to rotate somewhat. This increases the effective tooth thickness to ensure that it completely fills the tooth space of the mating gear, thereby getting rid of backlash. In another version, an assembler bolts the rotated fifty percent to the fixed fifty percent after assembly. Split gearing is normally found in light-load, low-speed applications.
The simplest & most common way to reduce backlash in a pair of gears is to shorten the distance between their centers. This moves the gears into a tighter mesh with low or actually zero clearance between tooth. It eliminates the effect of variations in center distance, tooth measurements, and bearing eccentricities. To shorten the guts distance, either modify the gears to a set range and lock them in place (with bolts) or spring-load one against the various other so they stay tightly meshed.
Fixed assemblies are usually used in heavyload applications where reducers must reverse their direction of rotation (bi-directional). Though “fixed,” they may still need readjusting during services to compensate for tooth use. Bevel, spur, helical, and worm gears lend themselves to set applications. Spring-loaded assemblies, however, maintain a continuous zero backlash and tend to be used for low-torque applications.
Common design methods include brief center distance, spring-loaded split gears, plastic material fillers, tapered gears, preloaded gear trains, and dual path gear trains.
Precision reducers typically limit backlash to about 2 deg and are used in applications such as for example instrumentation. Higher precision units that attain near-zero backlash are used in applications such as robotic systems and machine tool spindles.
Gear designs can 
be modified in a number of methods to cut backlash. Some methods adapt the gears to a arranged tooth clearance during preliminary assembly. With this process, backlash eventually increases due to wear, which requires readjustment. Other designs make use of springs to carry meshing gears at a continuous backlash level throughout their support life. They’re generally limited by light load applications, though.
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